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When 5-year-old Austin takes the cardboard cylinder found in the center of a roll of toilet paper,looks through it,and says,"I'm a sailor searching for a whale," he is engaging in _________ play.


A) practice
B) symbolic
C) constructive
D) sensorimotor

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to research by Connolly and McIsaac in 2009,who of the following would be considered to be in the most advanced adolescent social system?


A) Lori,who spends most of her time by herself
B) Victoria,who hangs around with a small clique of girls from her class
C) Kyra,who spends most of her time exclusively with her boyfriend
D) Megan,who spends most of her time on double dates with one of several other couples she and her boyfriend hang out with

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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According to Freud and Erikson,play


A) helps children master anxieties and develop ways to cope with problems.
B) is overrated as a form of human adjustment.
C) hinders children's ability to focus on solving everyday problems.
D) does little to help children relieve tension,making it hard for them to cope with their frustrations.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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At what age do children prefer same-sex playmates?


A) 3 years of age
B) 4 years of age
C) 6 years of age
D) 8 years of age

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Gender plays a role in peer interactions as illustrated by boys' need to play


A) rough and tumble.
B) with competition.
C) with dominance seeking.
D) All of these.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Children's friendships serve the function of providing resources and assistance,which Gottman and Parker (1987) call


A) companionship.
B) stimulation.
C) physical support.
D) ego support.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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If a child is bullied,he or she could be which of the following?


A) an aggressive victim
B) a passive victim
C) None of these.
D) an aggressive or a passive victim

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The major goal of programs designed to assist rejected children involves


A) training them to imitate the behavior of popular children.
B) teaching them to interact with peers without dominating situations.
C) helping them attract attention from their peers in positive ways.
D) assisting them with getting their needs met by adults rather than peers.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Play that involves interaction with peers is called __________ play.


A) social
B) pretend
C) practice.
D) sensorimotor

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Peer influences are an important part of childhood development even with the positives and negatives involved.List the pros and cons of peer influences.

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Pros: They learn aspects of relationship...

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Developmentalists have distinguished three types of children other than popular children.They are neglected,rejected,and


A) moderate.
B) motivated.
C) aggressive.
D) controversial.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Children's friendships serve the purpose of helping children maintain an impression of themselves as competent and attractive,which Gottman and Parker (1987) call


A) ego support.
B) companionship.
C) physical support.
D) social comparison.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Eight-year-old Mary seems to be very upset about something and the school psychologist believes there may be trouble in her home.In an effort to confirm his suspicion,the psychologist has Kay go to a room containing dolls,a toy kitchen,and other household items and "pretend to be a mommy taking care of her baby girl." This psychologist is using


A) behavior modification.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) a Piagetian approach.
D) play therapy.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Maggie acts like herself in the company of others.She also communicates well with others and is generally happy.Based on this description you would expect that Maggie


A) has permissive parents.
B) is popular with her friends.
C) has had a traumatic childhood.
D) is neglected by peers.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Children's friendships serve the function of providing information about where children stand vis-à-vis others,which Gottman and Parker (1987) call


A) ego support.
B) social comparison.
C) physical support.
D) stimulation.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Erik Erikson viewed the purpose of play as


A) practicing adult roles.
B) advancing cognitive development.
C) increasing exploration of the world.
D) providing a means to master anxieties and conflict.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following are elements that are associated with activities such as games?


A) pleasurable; grounded in rules
B) meant only for large groups
C) sometimes competitive
D) pleasurable,grounded in rules,and sometimes competitive

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which statement is a suggestion on how to reduce bullying? Teachers can


A) get older peers to serve as monitors.
B) tell older peers not to intervene in any bullying.
C) form friendship groups for adolescents who are regularly bullied by peers.
D) have older peers serve as monitors and form friendship groups for adolescents who are bullied by their peers.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Researchers have often found it is __________________ to improve the social skills of adolescents who are actively disliked and rejected.


A) somewhat easy
B) very easy
C) impossible
D) difficult

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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As a school counselor aware of developmental research,you would likely predict a future of delinquent behavior for the child who is _____________________ with peers.


A) rejected by and noninteractive
B) neglected by and noninteractive
C) rejected by and has a past history of aggression
D) neglected by and has a past history of aggression

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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