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Phosphorus pentachloride decomposes to phosphorus trichloride and chlorine gas at elevated temperatures by the following reaction: PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) .If Kc = 1.8 at 250°C. What is the value of Kp at the same temperature?


A) 4.2 × 10-2
B) 8.8 × 10-2
C) 65
D) 77

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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An equilibrium mixture of CO,O2 and CO2 at a certain temperature contains 0.0010 M CO2 and 0.0020 M O2.At this temperature,Kc equals 1.4 × 102 for the reaction: 2 CO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 CO2(g) . What is the equilibrium concentration of CO?


A) 3.6 × 10-6 M
B) 1.9 × 10-3 M
C) 7.0 × 10-2 M
D) 2.6 × 10-1 M

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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What is the equilibrium equation for the following reaction? FeS(s) + 2 H3O+ (aq) ⇌ Fe2+(aq) + H2S (aq) + 2 H2O (l)


A) Kc = What is the equilibrium equation for the following reaction? FeS(s) + 2 H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> (aq) ⇌ Fe<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>S (aq) + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O (l)  A) K<sub>c</sub> =   B) K<sub>c</sub> =   C) K<sub>c</sub> =   D) K<sub>c </sub>=
B) Kc = What is the equilibrium equation for the following reaction? FeS(s) + 2 H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> (aq) ⇌ Fe<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>S (aq) + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O (l)  A) K<sub>c</sub> =   B) K<sub>c</sub> =   C) K<sub>c</sub> =   D) K<sub>c </sub>=
C) Kc = What is the equilibrium equation for the following reaction? FeS(s) + 2 H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> (aq) ⇌ Fe<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>S (aq) + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O (l)  A) K<sub>c</sub> =   B) K<sub>c</sub> =   C) K<sub>c</sub> =   D) K<sub>c </sub>=
D) Kc = What is the equilibrium equation for the following reaction? FeS(s) + 2 H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> (aq) ⇌ Fe<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>S (aq) + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O (l)  A) K<sub>c</sub> =   B) K<sub>c</sub> =   C) K<sub>c</sub> =   D) K<sub>c </sub>=

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The reaction below is heated from 20°C to 91°C,according to Le Châtelier's principle,there will be a net reaction from ________ to ________,and the brown color will become ________. N2O4(g)⇌ 2 NO2(g)ΔH°= + 57.2 kJ colorless brown

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The equilibrium equation is also known as the law of


A) coefficients.
B) constant concentration.
C) dynamic equilibrium.
D) mass action.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction HF(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) +F-(aq) is 3.5 × 10-4.What is the equilibrium concentration of H3O+ if the initial concentration of HF is 1.0 M?


A) 1.0 M
B) 3.5 × 10-2 M
C) 1.9 × 10-2 M
D) 1.9 × 10-4 M

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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An equilibrium mixture of CO,O2 and CO2 at a certain temperature contains 0.0010 M CO2 and 0.0015 M O2.At this temperature,Kc,equals 1.4 × 102 for the reaction: 2 CO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 CO2(g) . What is the equilibrium concentration of CO?


A) 4.8 × 10-6 M
B) 2.2 × 10-3 M
C) 9.3 × 10-2 M
D) 3.1 × 10-1 M

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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For acid solutions of the same molarity acid strength is proportional to the equilibrium concentration of H3O+.For equimolar solutions of acids,which equilibrium expression below corresponds to the strongest acid?


A) Kc = For acid solutions of the same molarity acid strength is proportional to the equilibrium concentration of H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>.For equimolar solutions of acids,which equilibrium expression below corresponds to the strongest acid? A) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 3.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 3.5 × 10<sup>-8</sup> C) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 4.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> D) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 4.9 × 10<sup>-10</sup>
= 3.5 × 10-4
B) Kc = For acid solutions of the same molarity acid strength is proportional to the equilibrium concentration of H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>.For equimolar solutions of acids,which equilibrium expression below corresponds to the strongest acid? A) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 3.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 3.5 × 10<sup>-8</sup> C) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 4.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> D) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 4.9 × 10<sup>-10</sup>
= 3.5 × 10-8
C) Kc = For acid solutions of the same molarity acid strength is proportional to the equilibrium concentration of H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>.For equimolar solutions of acids,which equilibrium expression below corresponds to the strongest acid? A) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 3.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 3.5 × 10<sup>-8</sup> C) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 4.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> D) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 4.9 × 10<sup>-10</sup>
= 4.5 × 10-4
D) Kc = For acid solutions of the same molarity acid strength is proportional to the equilibrium concentration of H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>.For equimolar solutions of acids,which equilibrium expression below corresponds to the strongest acid? A) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 3.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 3.5 × 10<sup>-8</sup> C) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 4.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> D) K<sub>c </sub>=   = 4.9 × 10<sup>-10</sup>
= 4.9 × 10-10

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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At 1000 K,Kp = 19.9 for the reaction Fe2O3(s)+ 3 CO(g)⇌ 2 Fe(s)+ 3 CO2(g).What is the value of Kp for the reaction 8 Fe(s)+ 12 CO2(g)⇌ 4 Fe2O3(s)+ 12 CO(g)?

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Which statement about the equilibrium constant is true? The value of Kc


A) changes as product concentration changes.
B) changes as reactant concentration changes.
C) changes as temperature changes.
D) never changes.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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For the isomerization reaction: butane ⇌ isobutane Kp equals 25 at 500°C.If the initial pressures of butane and isobutane are 10.atm and 0.0 atm,respectively,what are the pressures of the two gases at equilibrium?


A) P(butane) = 0.38 atm and P(isobutane) = 9.6 atm
B) P(butane) = 0.40 atm and P(isobutane) = 10.atm
C) P(butane) = 9.6 atm and P(isobutane) = 0.38 atm
D) P(butane) = 10 atm and P(isobutane) = 0.40 atm

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The following pictures represent mixtures of cis-C2H2X2 molecules and trans-C2H2X2 molecules,which interconvert according to the equation cis-C2H2X2 ⇌ trans-C2H2X2.If mixture (1) is at equilibrium,which of the other mixtures are also at equilibrium? The following pictures represent mixtures of cis-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub> molecules and trans-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2 </sub>molecules,which interconvert according to the equation cis-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub> ⇌ trans-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub>.If mixture (1) is at equilibrium,which of the other mixtures are also at equilibrium?   A) mixture (2)  B) mixture (3)  C) mixture (4)  D) None of the other mixtures are at equilibrium.


A) mixture (2)
B) mixture (3)
C) mixture (4)
D) None of the other mixtures are at equilibrium.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The following picture represents the equilibrium state for the reaction A2 + B2 ⇌ 2AB.What is the relationship between the rate constant for the forward reaction,kf,and the rate constant for the reverse reaction kr? The following picture represents the equilibrium state for the reaction A<sub>2</sub> + B<sub>2</sub> ⇌ 2AB.What is the relationship between the rate constant for the forward reaction,k<sub>f</sub>,and the rate constant for the reverse reaction k<sub>r</sub>?   A) k<sub>f</sub> < k<sub>r</sub> B) k<sub>f </sub>= k<sub>r</sub> = 0 C) k<sub>f</sub> = k<sub>r</sub> D) k<sub>f</sub> > k<sub>r</sub>


A) kf < kr
B) kf = kr = 0
C) kf = kr
D) kf > kr

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Consider the reaction HCO3- (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ CO3-2 (aq) + H3O+ (aq) The Keq for this reaction is 5.6 × 10-11.Describe what will happen to the reaction if the concentration of each reactant is [HCO3-] = 5.6 × 10-11 [H3O+] = 1.2 × 10-11 [CO3-] = 5.6 × 10-11


A) Reaction will shift right,concentration of products will increase.
B) Reaction will shift left,concentration of reactants will increase.
C) Reaction will not change,it is at equilibrium.
D) Not enough information to determine the answer.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide: 2 NO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 NO2(g) What is Kc' for the reverse reaction if the equilibrium concentration of NO is 0.300 M,O2 is 0.200 M,and NO2 is 0.530 M at 25°C?


A) 0.0340
B) 0.0641
C) 0.624
D) 15.6

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Picture (1) represents an equilibrium mixture of solid CaCO3,solid CaO,and gaseous CO2,obtained as a result of the endothermic decomposition of CaCO3. Picture (1) represents an equilibrium mixture of solid CaCO<sub>3</sub>,solid CaO,and gaseous CO<sub>2</sub>,obtained as a result of the endothermic decomposition of CaCO<sub>3</sub>.   -For the reaction: N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2 O<sub>2</sub>(g) ⇌ 2 NO<sub>2</sub>(g) ,K<sub>c</sub> = 8.3 × 10<sup>-10</sup> at 25°C.What is the concentration of N<sub>2</sub> gas at equilibrium when the concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> is twice the concentration of O<sub>2</sub> gas? A) 2.1 × 10<sup>-10</sup> M B) 4.2 × 10<sup>-10</sup> M C) 2.4 × 10<sup>9</sup> M D) 4.8 × 10<sup>9</sup> M -For the reaction: N2(g) + 2 O2(g) ⇌ 2 NO2(g) ,Kc = 8.3 × 10-10 at 25°C.What is the concentration of N2 gas at equilibrium when the concentration of NO2 is twice the concentration of O2 gas?


A) 2.1 × 10-10 M
B) 4.2 × 10-10 M
C) 2.4 × 109 M
D) 4.8 × 109 M

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Which one of the following statements does not describe the equilibrium state?


A) Equilibrium is dynamic and there is no net conversion to reactants and products.
B) The concentration of the reactants is equal to the concentration of the products.
C) The concentration of the reactants and products reach a constant level.
D) The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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At a certain temperature,Kc equals 1.4 × 102 for the reaction: 2 CO(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 CO2(g) . If a 5.00-L flask contains 0.400 mol of CO2 and 0.100 mol of O2 at equilibrium,how many moles of CO are also present in the flask?


A) 1.20 mol
B) 0.239 mol
C) 0.107 mol
D) 0.0114 mol

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Calcium carbonate is relatively insoluble and the dissolution reaction is endothermic: CaCO3(s) ⇌ Ca2+(aq) + CO32-(aq) . Which change in reaction condition below will shift the equilibrium to the right?


A) add an acid to react with CO32- ion
B) add an anion with which Ca2+ is even less soluble than calcium carbonate
C) increase the temperature
D) All of these will shift reaction to the right.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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If Kc is the equilibrium constant for a forward reaction what is Kc' for the reverse reaction?


A) - Kc
B) Kc
C) (Kc) -1
D) none of these

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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