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Exam 31: Protostome Animals

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Question 31

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All arthropods ________. 1) undergo complete metamorphosis 2) have jointed appendages 3) molt 4) have segmented bodies 5) have an exoskeleton or cuticle

A) 1, 2, and 4
B) 3 and 5
C) 2, 3, 4, and 5
D) 1, 4, and 5
E) 1, 2, and 3

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Question 32

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The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history, resulting in two main subgroups-Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa. What does this finding suggest?

A) These two subgroups have a common ancestor that was a deuterostome.
B) The protostomes are a polyphyletic group.
C) Division of these two groups occurred after the protostome developmental sequence appeared.
D) The lophotrochozoans are monophyletic.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 33

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You find a wormlike animal while scuba diving and want to determine whether it is a nudibranch, a polychaete, or a flatworm. Finding which of the following traits would best help you classify the mystery animal?

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae, tubes that lead from openings (called spiracles) in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues. Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are open or closed; opening the spiracles allows carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal. Klok et al. measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time (represented by VCO2) by several species of centipedes. The figure below presents graphs of their results for two species, Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. (C. J. Klok, R. D. Mercer, and S. L. Chown. 2002. Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29.) Copyright 2002 The Company of Biologists and the Journal of Experimental Biology. -On which body segment are arthropod wings attached?

When considering the wormlike phyla within the protostomes, which feature is most useful in distinguishing groups?

The possession of two pairs of antennae is a characteristic of ________.

Adaptations to terrestrial environments evolved independently in arthropods, mollusks, nematodes, and annelids. What logical conclusion would you make from this statement?

A student observes a wormlike organism crawling about on dead organic matter. Later, the organism sheds its outer covering. One possibility is that the organism is a larval insect (like a maggot) . However, it might be a member of the phylum ________, and one way to distinguish between the two possibilities is by looking for the presence or absence of ________.

Which of the following organisms would you expect to have the largest surface-area-to-volume ratio? Assume that all of the following are the same total length.

Which mollusk clade includes members that undergo embryonic torsion?

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae, tubes that lead from openings (called spiracles) in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues. Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are open or closed; opening the spiracles allows carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal. Klok et al. measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time (represented by VCO2) by several species of centipedes. The figure below presents graphs of their results for two species, Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. (C. J. Klok, R. D. Mercer, and S. L. Chown. 2002. Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29.) Copyright 2002 The Company of Biologists and the Journal of Experimental Biology. -Compare the graphs in the accompanying figure of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission for Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. What hypothesis can you make about each centipede's habitat?

Which one of these mollusk groups can be classified as suspension feeders?

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles. -If the pond organisms are larvae, rather than adults, Sarah should expect them to have all of the following structures, EXCEPT ________.

Nematode worms and annelid worms share which of the following features?