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Exam 11: Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

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Question 61

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Which statement is true about sexual identity or orientation?

A) Identical twins are more similar in sexual identity than are fraternal twins.
B) Sexual identity is thought by current psychological researchers to be a choice.
C) Individuals become attracted to the sex that they feel is most similar to them.
D) Sexual orientation is considered to be entirely determined by genetic factors.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Question 62

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Melissa, the mother of two children, remembers her childhood as difficult. When asked about it, she discusses her past in a consistent and cohesive manner, but reports that although there were some happy times, her parents were not always supportive. Which statement about Melissa is likely to be true?

A) Her children are unlikely to be securely attached to her.
B) She would most likely be classified into the autonomous adult attachment group.
C) She probably experienced physical abuse at the hands of her parents.
D) All of these statements are likely to be true.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 63

Multiple Choice

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Ethnic-identity search/moratorium involves:

An individual's mental representation of the self, of attachment figures, and of relationships in general that is based on early experiences with caregivers is referred to as his or her:

From an evolutionary standpoint, attachment is similar to which mechanism?

In late childhood, children tend to rely particularly on which factor to evaluate themselves?

Mothers who resist their infants' attempts at physical closeness and who are emotionally unavailable are more likely than other mothers to have infants who are:

Which statement is true about the coming-out process for sexual-minority youth?

Erikson believed that which state is a beneficial identity state?

For sexual-minority individuals who proceed through all of the steps of the coming-out process, which step is final?

The text describes a study in which mothers of irritable infants were taught how to be more sensitive to their infants. When infants whose mothers were trained were compared to infants in a control group, the intervention group demonstrated _____ rates of secure attachment in infancy and/but _____ rates of secure attachment when the children were of preschool age.

Which statement about the age at which same-sex attractions first become noticed by gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals is true?

When an experimenter surreptitiously places a dot of rouge on Marlon's face and then puts him in front of the mirror, he touches the spot on his face. When the experimenter shows Marlon a photo of himself alongside photos of two other boys his age, Marlon does not recognize himself. Marlon is MOST likely to be at what age?

The study by Calzo and colleagues reported in the text found that the most common age at which gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults reported that they had first recognized their feelings of same-sex attraction was between:

Which statement is true of ethnic-minority youth and their ethnic identity?

Who is likely to have the LEAST problem with self-esteem?

Which statement is NOT part of Bowlby's conception of the primary caregiver as a secure base?

Emmy responds more positively to her mother than to other people. She smiles and laughs more often in her mother's presence than in the presence of other people. She does not exhibit separation distress, nor does she actively seek out her mother. Bowlby would consider Emmy to be in which phase of the development of attachment?

Bowlby proposed that an individual's internal working model of attachment contains:

Which behaviour during the Strange Situation is characteristic of infants who are classified as insecure/avoidant?