Question 1

Many people overestimate how long they actually remain awake during restless nights because their moments of wakefulness are easier to recall than their moments of sleep. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   the availability heuristic.
D)   a critical period.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

Accepted Answer

A)   syntactic
B)   babbling
C)   telegraphic speech
D)   one-wordE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Blacks have been found to score lower on tests of verbal aptitude when tested by Whites than when tested by Blacks. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   standardization.
B)   emotional intelligence.
C)   stereotype threat.
D)   the normal curve.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following has been argued by critics of ape language research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ape language is merely imitation of the trainer's behavior.
B)   There is little evidence that apes can equal even a 3-year-old's ability to order words with proper syntax.
C)   By seeing what they wish to see, trainers attribute greater linguistic ability to apes than actually exists.
D)   All of these are arguments by critics.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

The beginning of babies' receptive language development is best illustrated by their capacity to

Accepted Answer

A)   recognize the distinctive sound of their own voice.
B)   match another person's distinctive mouth movements with the appropriate sounds.
C)   babble only sounds that are part of the household language.
D)   comprehend the meaning of languages they have never experienced.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Studies of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families demonstrate that with age, genetic influences on intelligence

Accepted Answer

A)   become more apparent.
B)   become less apparent.
C)   become more difficult to disentangle from environmental influences.
D)   become easier to disentangle from environmental influences.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called

Accepted Answer

A)   a critical period.
B)   a fixation.
C)   a heuristic.
D)   framing.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

J. McVicker Hunt found that institutionalized children given "tutored human enrichment"

Accepted Answer

A)   showed no change in intelligence test performance compared with institutionalized children who did not receive such enrichment.
B)   responded so negatively as a result of their impoverished early experiences that he felt it necessary to disband the program.
C)   thrived intellectually and socially on the benefits of positive caregiving.
D)   actually developed greater intelligence than control subjects who had lived in foster homes since birth.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

The bell-shaped distribution of intelligence scores in the general population is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   g distribution.
B)   standardization curve.
C)   bimodal distribution.
D)   normal distribution.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Allowing time for complex ideas to incubate outside of conscious awareness is most likely to promote

Accepted Answer

A)   extrinsic motivation.
B)   telegraphic speech.
C)   factor analysis.
D)   creativity.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

A person who demonstrates an exceptional specific mental skill while otherwise often remaining very limited in intellectual capacity is said to show signs of

Accepted Answer

A)   emotional intelligence.
B)   savant syndrome.
C)   stereotype threat.
D)   intrinsic motivation.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Children first demonstrate a rudimentary understanding of syntax during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   babbling
B)   one-word
C)   two-word
D)   three-wordE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon to assess

Accepted Answer

A)   academic aptitude.
B)   divergent thinking.
C)   emotional intelligence.
D)   savant syndrome.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithm
B)   heuristic
C)   cognition
D)   universal grammarE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

The ability to learn a new computer software program is to ________ as knowledge of state capitals is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
B)   extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation
C)   crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence
D)   fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligenceE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize

Accepted Answer

A)   Spearman's concept of general intelligence.
B)   Binet's concept of mental age.
C)   Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences.
D)   Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Convergent thinking is to academic aptitude as divergent thinking is to

Accepted Answer

A)   crystallized intelligence.
B)   emotional intelligence.
C)   telegraphic speech.
D)   creativity.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Regarding the relationship between thinking and language, which of the following most accurately reflects the position taken in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)   Language determines everything about our thinking.
B)   Language determines the way we think.
C)   Thinking without language is not possible.
D)   Thinking affects our language, which then affects our thought.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between thinking and language?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Real" thinking requires the use of language.
B)   People sometimes think in images rather than in words.
C)   A thought that cannot be expressed in a particular language cannot occur to speakers of that language.
D)   All of these statements are true.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2. If shown 7 nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   language on thinking.
B)   algorithms on decision making.
C)   prototypes on concept formation.
D)   fixations on problem solving.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Convergent thinking is to academic aptitude as divergent thinking is to

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Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between thinking and language?

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The beginning of babies' receptive language development is best illustrated by their capacity to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding the relationship between thinking and language, which of the following most accurately reflects the position taken in the text?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families demonstrate that with age, genetic influences on intelligence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bell-shaped distribution of intelligence scores in the general population is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many people overestimate how long they actually remain awake during restless nights because their moments of wakefulness are easier to recall than their moments of sleep. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children first demonstrate a rudimentary understanding of syntax during the ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Allowing time for complex ideas to incubate outside of conscious awareness is most likely to promote

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to learn a new computer software program is to ________ as knowledge of state capitals is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2. If shown 7 nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blacks have been found to score lower on tests of verbal aptitude when tested by Whites than when tested by Blacks. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon to assess

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following has been argued by critics of ape language research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who demonstrates an exceptional specific mental skill while otherwise often remaining very limited in intellectual capacity is said to show signs of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

J. McVicker Hunt found that institutionalized children given "tutored human enrichment"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The ability to learn a new computer software program is to as knowledge of state capitals is to .

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