Question 1

Prolonged exposure to TV violence leads viewers to experience

Accepted Answer

A)   more sympathy for victims of violence and to become more upset by the sight of real-life violence.
B)   less sympathy for victims of violence and to become less upset by the sight of real-life violence.
C)   more sympathy for victims of violence and to become less upset by the sight of real-life violence.
D)   less sympathy for victims of violence and to become more upset by the sight of real-life violence.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping.
B)   observational learning.
C)   the law of effect.
D)   latent learning.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

It is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcement
B)   generalization
C)   biological predispositions
D)   negative reinforcementE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

A response is learned most rapidly and is most resistant to extinction if it is acquired under conditions of

Accepted Answer

A)   continuous reinforcement followed by partial reinforcement.
B)   primary reinforcement followed by secondary reinforcement.
C)   partial reinforcement followed by continuous reinforcement.
D)   secondary reinforcement followed by primary reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule. Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher; less
B)   lower; more
C)   higher; more
D)   lower; lessE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Cognitive processes are

Accepted Answer

A)   unimportant in classical and operant conditioning.
B)   important in both classical and operant conditioning.
C)   more important in classical than in operant conditioning.
D)   more important in operant than in classical conditioning.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Prior to learning painfully that the sound of a buzzing bee signaled an impending bee sting, Sara experienced no fear in response to the buzzing sound. At that time the sound of the buzzing bee was most clearly a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcer.
B)   neutral stimulus.
C)   secondary reinforcer.
D)   unconditioned stimulus.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between

Accepted Answer

A)   two stimuli.
B)   two responses.
C)   two reinforcers.
D)   behaviors and their consequences.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Janna's behavior is more strongly influenced by the momentary thrill of unprotected sex than by the prospect of an unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   immediate reinforcement.
C)   a variable-interval schedule.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcer; negative reinforcer
B)   acquisition; extinction
C)   reinforcement; punishment
D)   primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcerE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Most of the TV shows that 9-year-old Fred watches involve violence. This is most likely to lead Fred to

Accepted Answer

A)   react with a sense of distress at the sight of two children fighting on the school playground.
B)   perceive the injuries of victims of violence as less severe.
C)   be more inhibited about personally starting a fight on the school playground.
D)   overestimate the pain and injury experienced by victims of violent crime.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   delayed
B)   intermittent
C)   conditioned
D)   negativeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Desensitization and imitation are two factors that contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)   the law of effect.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   the violence-viewing effect.
D)   instinctive drift.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 14

When grocery shopping with his mother, 4-year-old Hakim sometimes throws temper tantrums if his mother refuses his requests for a particular snack food. Parent-training experts would suggest that his mother should

Accepted Answer

A)   threaten to punish Hakim if he continues his tantrums.
B)   offer to buy the snack food Hakim wants only if he quiets down and behaves himself.
C)   continue shopping while ignoring Hakim's tantrums.
D)   return any snack foods that are already in her cart to the store shelves.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

Accepted Answer

A)   it highlighted the role of cognitive processes in learning.
B)   so many different species of animals, including humans, can be classically conditioned.
C)   it demonstrated an essential difference between animal and human learning.
D)   all learning depends on reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Operant conditioning is to ________ as classical conditioning is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pavlov; Watson
B)   Skinner; Bandura
C)   Pavlov; Skinner
D)   Skinner; PavlovE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 17

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction

Accepted Answer

A)   the CS is eliminated.
B)   the CR is eliminated.
C)   the CS is suppressed.
D)   the CR is suppressed.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Some scientists have suggested that mirror neurons most clearly provide us with the capacity for

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   intrinsic motivation.
C)   intermittent reinforcement.
D)   imitation.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibits
B)   causes
C)   is unrelated to
D)   predictsE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

When Adam observed his sister being scolded after she hit another child, Adam also discontinued hitting other children. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   vicarious punishment.
C)   instinctive drift.
D)   intrinsic motivation.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 7: Learning

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A response is learned most rapidly and is most resistant to extinction if it is acquired under conditions of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant conditioning is to ________ as classical conditioning is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the TV shows that 9-year-old Fred watches involve violence. This is most likely to lead Fred to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Desensitization and imitation are two factors that contribute to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning involves a learned association between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janna's behavior is more strongly influenced by the momentary thrill of unprotected sex than by the prospect of an unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When grocery shopping with his mother, 4-year-old Hakim sometimes throws temper tantrums if his mother refuses his requests for a particular snack food. Parent-training experts would suggest that his mother should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive processes are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Adam observed his sister being scolded after she hit another child, Adam also discontinued hitting other children. This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prior to learning painfully that the sound of a buzzing bee signaled an impending bee sting, Sara experienced no fear in response to the buzzing sound. At that time the sound of the buzzing bee was most clearly a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some scientists have suggested that mirror neurons most clearly provide us with the capacity for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prolonged exposure to TV violence leads viewers to experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule. Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Operant conditioning is to as classical conditioning is to .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Operant response rates tend to be when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule. Operant response rates tend to be consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified