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Studies of people being discharge from employment,or fired,have found that


A) Black federal employees are twice as likely to be fired as their White counterparts.
B) when Whites and Blacks have the same education and hold upper-level federal positions,they are equally likely to be fired.
C) racial patterns in being discharged from employment may be attributed to lack of seniority for Black workers.
D) White employees were more likely to be fired,but only when they worked less than 40 hours per week.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Utilitarian organizations are always for-profit organizations.

A) True
B) False

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Explain what a formal organization is.Describe two types and give an example of each.

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A formal organization is a structured gr...

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The theory of organization that sees participation in an organization as a means of self-actualization is a type of )


A) functionalist theory
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interaction theory
D) social exchange theory

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Sociologists have found that primary groups


A) fulfill a person's expressive needs.
B) generally only meet a person's instrumental needs.
C) tend to be larger than secondary groups.
D) are less significant than secondary groups

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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In his study of the effect of size on group dynamics,Simmel found that


A) a dyad is basically an unstable social grouping.
B) a triad is an unstable social grouping,whereas dyads are relatively stable.
C) adding a third person to a dyad has no effect on the stability of the group.
D) the size of the group has no effect on interaction.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is not a characteristic common to most cases of groupthink?


A) an illusion of unanimity
B) treating dissent as disloyalty
C) an understanding of one's weaknesses
D) underestimating the antagonists to one's plans

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of these statements about reference groups is false?


A) reference groups always provide good role models
B) one does not belong to a reference group
C) the influence of a reference group may be positive or negative
D) Identification with a social group can strongly influence self-esteem.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is false?


A) Subcultures develop even in the largest bureaucracies.
B) Secretaries and other assistants often have more power than their job description or salary indicates.
C) The informal culture of bureaucracy works to make all employees feel more connected and included.
D) Informal norms within a bureaucracy may increase or decrease worker productivity.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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What are the effects of social class and race on people's roles within an organization?


A) Race and social class do not have any consistent effect on people's roles within an organization.
B) People of upper and middle class backgrounds are more likely to be promoted than someone with a lower-class background,even if they are of the same race.
C) When members of minority groups have the same level of education as their White peers,there is no difference in the rates of promotion.
D) When people with a lower social class background have the same level of education as their peers they are just as likely to be promoted.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Compare functionalist and conflict approaches to formal organization.Give examples of each.

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The functionalist approach to formal org...

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Secondary groups sometimes take on characteristics of primary groups.

A) True
B) False

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When John links a behavior of a person from the Middle East to their skin color he is disproving the idea of an attribution error.

A) True
B) False

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