Question 1

The epidermis contains several layers and receives its nutrients from the dermis by diffusion. Which of the following explains why the outermost layers of the epidermis consist of dead cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  One of the major functions of the epidermis is forming a waterproof barrier. Once that barrier is formed, nutrients cannot pass through it and the cells beyond that layer die.
B)  The protective function that the epidermis carries out is better served by having a layer of dead cells.
C)  UV light cannot penetrate as easily through dead cells as it can through live cells.
D)  None of the other answer options is correct.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following statements about cadherins and integrins is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found on the surfaces of most animal cells.
B)  They are transmembrane proteins that attach to cytoskeletal elements inside the cell.
C)  They are highly specific for what their extracellular domain will attach to.
D)  They are not found in embryonic cells.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

The strength of collagen comes from its:

Accepted Answer

A)  triple helical structure and bundling.
B)  amino acid sequence.
C)  ability to bind to polysaccharide molecules.
D)  triple helical structure and bundling, as well as its amino acid sequence.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Imagine that you are examining a mouse that does not produce basal lamina in the skin. How will this mouse be different from a normal, wild-type mouse?

Accepted Answer

A)  The epidermis will not be connected to the dermis.
B)  The epidermis and dermis will be strongly connected.
C)  The dermis will be disorganized and will lack blood vessels.
D)  Cellular junctions will fail to form between the cells of the epidermis.
E)  All of these choices are correct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Cancer can be characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  a mass of rapidly dividing cells called a tumor.
B)  metastasized tumor cells that leave the tumor and invade distant parts of the body.
C)  cells with an enhanced ability to adhere to proteins in the basal lamina.
D)  All of these choices are correct.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Zebrafish embryos change the color of the melanophore cells in their skin to a darker shade by:

Accepted Answer

A)  dynein motor proteins moving pigment granules outward from the center of the cell.
B)  kinesin motor proteins moving pigment granules outward from the center of the cell.
C)  dynein motor proteins moving pigment granules inward toward the center of the cell.
D)  kinesin motor proteins moving pigment granules inward toward the center of the cell.
E)  dynein motor proteins moving pigment granules inward toward the plus end of microtubules.F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following are components of the animal extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose and laminin
B)  lignin and elastin
C)  pectin and collagen
D)  collagen and laminin
E)  lignin and lamininF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Which one of the cytoskeletal elements is associated with providing the cell with mechanical strength?

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules
B)  microfilaments
C)  microtubules and microfilaments
D)  intermediate filamentsE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Microfilaments increase in length:

Accepted Answer

A)  more quickly at one end than the other.
B)  by assembling outward from the centrosome.
C)  in cycles, following rapid depolymerization.
D)  if free tubulin dimers are available.
E)  All of these choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Flagella move in a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  oarlike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microtubules past each other.
B)  oarlike motion by the motor protein kinesin sliding microtubules past each other.
C)  whiplike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microtubules past each other.
D)  whiplike motion by the motor protein kinesin sliding microtubules past each other.
E)  whiplike motion by the motor protein dynein sliding microfilaments past each other.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following statements about mammalian skin is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  The epidermis is an outer layer that provides a water-resistant, protective barrier.
B)  The dermis is the layer below the epidermis containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings that provides nutrients to the epidermis and a cushion layer for the body.
C)  Epithelial cells in the epidermis are primarily composed of keratinocytes that protect underlying tissue.
D)  A specialized form of extracellular matrix, called the basal lamina, underlies the dermis and separates it from tissues below.
E)  Fibroblasts in the dermis produce extracellular matrix proteins to make the dermis strong and flexible.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

The cytoskeleton of plant cells includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
B)  actin, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
C)  actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
D)  tubulin, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
E)  microtubules and microfilaments.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 13

The extracellular matrix is composed of: (1)  proteins; (2)  polysaccharides; (3)  nucleic acids.

Accepted Answer

A)  Statement (1) is correct.
B)  Statement (2) is correct.
C)  Statement (3) is correct.
D)  Statements (1) and (2) are correct.
E)  All of these statements are correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Which of the following structures are responsible for the shape of a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  microvilli
B)  cytoskeleton
C)  cell junctions
D)  organellesE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 15

Structures known as microvilli are associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  communication between cells.
B)  increased surface area for gas exchange.
C)  adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
D)  increased surface area for nutrient absorption.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Which of the following properly groups a cell junction with a cytoskeletal structure and a cell adhesion molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  adherens junction, microfilament, integrin
B)  hemidesmosome, intermediate filament, integrin
C)  desmosome, intermediate filament, integrin
D)  hemidesmosome, intermediate filament, cadherinE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following tissues would you expect NOT to be found in the human heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle
B)  nervous
C)  epithelial
D)  connective
E)  All of these tissues would be found in the human heart.F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell wall has three layers: the middle lamella, the primary cell wall, and the secondary cell wall.
B)  In the late stages of cell division, the middle lamella is the first cell wall layer to be formed, serving to attach the daughter cells to each other.
C)  The primary cell wall is thin and flexible, formed while the cells are still growing.
D)  The secondary cell wall contains complex components such as lignin that are rigid.
E)  Like the extracellular matrix formed by animal cells, the cell wall polymers are formed in the cytoplasm and secreted to the outside of the cell.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Red blood cells are characterized as having an actin cytoskeleton associated with their plasma membrane. The presence of the membrane cytoskeleton MOST likely accounts for:

Accepted Answer

A)  the shape of the cell.
B)  enhanced gas exchange.
C)  the ability of these cells to fit through narrow capillaries.
D)  All of these choices are correct.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Cells differentiate into multiple tissue types because each tissue has its own unique DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

The strength of collagen comes from its:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells differentiate into multiple tissue types because each tissue has its own unique DNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that you are examining a mouse that does not produce basal lamina in the skin. How will this mouse be different from a normal, wild-type mouse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following tissues would you expect NOT to be found in the human heart?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are components of the animal extracellular matrix?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the cytoskeletal elements is associated with providing the cell with mechanical strength?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cancer can be characterized by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following properly groups a cell junction with a cytoskeletal structure and a cell adhesion molecule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cytoskeleton of plant cells includes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Zebrafish embryos change the color of the melanophore cells in their skin to a darker shade by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following structures are responsible for the shape of a cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about cadherins and integrins is/are TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The epidermis contains several layers and receives its nutrients from the dermis by diffusion. Which of the following explains why the outermost layers of the epidermis consist of dead cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microfilaments increase in length:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about mammalian skin is INCORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flagella move in a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Structures known as microvilli are associated with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Red blood cells are characterized as having an actin cytoskeleton associated with their plasma membrane. The presence of the membrane cytoskeleton MOST likely accounts for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The extracellular matrix is composed of: (1) proteins; (2) polysaccharides; (3) nucleic acids.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified